Library of Congress
The Library of Congress is the research library that officially serves the United States Congress, but which is the de facto national library of the United States. It is the oldest federal cultural institution in the United States.
The Library of Congress moved to Washington in 1800, after sitting for eleven years in the temporary national capitals of New York and Philadelphia. The small Congressional Library was housed in the United States Capitol for most of the 19th century until the early 1890s. Most of the original collection had been destroyed by the British in 1814 during the War of 1812. To restore its collection in 1815, the library bought from former president Thomas Jefferson his entire personal collection of 6,487 books.
We visited the Thomas Jefferson Building, the centerpiec e of the Library's three buildings on Capitol Hill, opened in 1897, and was built as a library. Its artistic decorations relate to learning, literature, knowledge, creativity and intellectual achievement. Throughout, symbols are seen, such as the Roman goddess Minerva, who is the protector of civilisation and the goddess of universal knowledge. One of the most memorable exhibits we visited in the building was Thomas Jefferson's personal collection. A fire that struck the Library in the Capitol chambers in 1851, destroyed a large amount of collection, including many of Jefferson's books. However, some books were preserved while some others were replaced by existing copies, allowing us to appreciate Jefferson's immense love of books and knowledge.
Next, as we entered the gallery that overlooks the main reading room, many of us were awed by the grandeur of the decorations and the sheer size of the entire library, given that there are 21 other reading rooms. The dome-shaped ceiling that sheltered the main reading room was also decorated with numerous paintings, such as one depicting the evolution of civilisation, from Egypt as the oldest civilisation, to America as the youngest nation. Despite the short visit, we were able to immerse ourselves in the beauty and power of books. All of us also felt very privileged to be able to set foot upon this monumental building, that has also served as the setting for several Hollywood movies, such as National Treasure.
One important conclusion that we came to was the relevance of libraries, given the increasing prevalence of online books. We believe that in today's society, libraries still have a certain value in society. Books are often more credible, as they have done through numerous editorial checks before publication, whereas online books do not undergo this stringent process, making it less reliable and credible. Books are also an accumulation of humanity's knowledge and serve as testament to the evolution of wisdom. Therefore, they are definitely still relevant in today's society, as it is already an integral part of our culture and heritage.
Next, we also discussed about the significance of public libraries in Singapore's context. Public libraries are important physical locations which provide a wide pool of information for all people, regardless of race or status, allowing them to empower themselves with knowledge. The fact that libraries are often located in heartlands and easily accessible places highlights the government's conviction to give all citizens a platform for constant improvement.
The Library of Congress moved to Washington in 1800, after sitting for eleven years in the temporary national capitals of New York and Philadelphia. The small Congressional Library was housed in the United States Capitol for most of the 19th century until the early 1890s. Most of the original collection had been destroyed by the British in 1814 during the War of 1812. To restore its collection in 1815, the library bought from former president Thomas Jefferson his entire personal collection of 6,487 books.
We visited the Thomas Jefferson Building, the centerpiec e of the Library's three buildings on Capitol Hill, opened in 1897, and was built as a library. Its artistic decorations relate to learning, literature, knowledge, creativity and intellectual achievement. Throughout, symbols are seen, such as the Roman goddess Minerva, who is the protector of civilisation and the goddess of universal knowledge. One of the most memorable exhibits we visited in the building was Thomas Jefferson's personal collection. A fire that struck the Library in the Capitol chambers in 1851, destroyed a large amount of collection, including many of Jefferson's books. However, some books were preserved while some others were replaced by existing copies, allowing us to appreciate Jefferson's immense love of books and knowledge.
Next, as we entered the gallery that overlooks the main reading room, many of us were awed by the grandeur of the decorations and the sheer size of the entire library, given that there are 21 other reading rooms. The dome-shaped ceiling that sheltered the main reading room was also decorated with numerous paintings, such as one depicting the evolution of civilisation, from Egypt as the oldest civilisation, to America as the youngest nation. Despite the short visit, we were able to immerse ourselves in the beauty and power of books. All of us also felt very privileged to be able to set foot upon this monumental building, that has also served as the setting for several Hollywood movies, such as National Treasure.
One important conclusion that we came to was the relevance of libraries, given the increasing prevalence of online books. We believe that in today's society, libraries still have a certain value in society. Books are often more credible, as they have done through numerous editorial checks before publication, whereas online books do not undergo this stringent process, making it less reliable and credible. Books are also an accumulation of humanity's knowledge and serve as testament to the evolution of wisdom. Therefore, they are definitely still relevant in today's society, as it is already an integral part of our culture and heritage.
Next, we also discussed about the significance of public libraries in Singapore's context. Public libraries are important physical locations which provide a wide pool of information for all people, regardless of race or status, allowing them to empower themselves with knowledge. The fact that libraries are often located in heartlands and easily accessible places highlights the government's conviction to give all citizens a platform for constant improvement.
US Capitol Building
After visiting the Library of Congress, we journeyed through an underground tunnel to reach the Capitol. The United States Capitol is the most widely recognised symbol of democratic government in the world. It has housed Congress since 1980. The Capitol is where Congress meets to write the laws of America, and where presidents are inaugurated and deliver their State of the Union messages.
First, we watched a short film, "Out of Many, One", a 13-minute film, describing how the US Congress established a new form of government, highlighting the vital role that Congress plays in the daily lives of Americans and introducing visitors to the building that houses the Congress. One important fact that we learnt through the video was the structure of the Congress, which includes the Senate and House of Representatives. The main difference between these two legislative bodies is that the Senate has 100 members, with each state equally represented by two senators, whereas in the House, there are 435 housing representatives, where states are assigned a number of representatives based on their population.
Next, we visited the Rotunda, which is the heart and center of the Capitol. Although it serves no legislative function, it is a ceremonial space where state funerals have been held since the time of Abraham Lincoln, for presidents, members of Congress, military heroes and eminent citizens. We saw paintings such as The Apotheosis of Washington, which showed George Washington surrounded by symbols of American democracy and technological progress. We also learned that in the Rotunda, each state has to contribute two statues, which will be prominently displayed. One story that the tour guide told us was that of Rosa Parks, who took a stand against racism by refusing to give up her seat to a white man. The stories of other historical figures that started a new chapter in history were also told to us, enlightening us on the tumultuous yet rich history of America.
The recurring theme that we constantly heard throughout the day was that everyone is entitled the right to speak freely. This kind of democracy is something that America upholds and takes strong pride in. As we learned more about American history, we realised that this is ideology is very much shaped by America's blood-tainted history. It definitely did not come easy as many sacrifices were made to establish America as a democratic nation, which is why it is so highly valued.
First, we watched a short film, "Out of Many, One", a 13-minute film, describing how the US Congress established a new form of government, highlighting the vital role that Congress plays in the daily lives of Americans and introducing visitors to the building that houses the Congress. One important fact that we learnt through the video was the structure of the Congress, which includes the Senate and House of Representatives. The main difference between these two legislative bodies is that the Senate has 100 members, with each state equally represented by two senators, whereas in the House, there are 435 housing representatives, where states are assigned a number of representatives based on their population.
Next, we visited the Rotunda, which is the heart and center of the Capitol. Although it serves no legislative function, it is a ceremonial space where state funerals have been held since the time of Abraham Lincoln, for presidents, members of Congress, military heroes and eminent citizens. We saw paintings such as The Apotheosis of Washington, which showed George Washington surrounded by symbols of American democracy and technological progress. We also learned that in the Rotunda, each state has to contribute two statues, which will be prominently displayed. One story that the tour guide told us was that of Rosa Parks, who took a stand against racism by refusing to give up her seat to a white man. The stories of other historical figures that started a new chapter in history were also told to us, enlightening us on the tumultuous yet rich history of America.
The recurring theme that we constantly heard throughout the day was that everyone is entitled the right to speak freely. This kind of democracy is something that America upholds and takes strong pride in. As we learned more about American history, we realised that this is ideology is very much shaped by America's blood-tainted history. It definitely did not come easy as many sacrifices were made to establish America as a democratic nation, which is why it is so highly valued.
The Newseum
Enter the Newseum and you will be greeted by the friendly staff with a wide smile on their faces. The Newseum is an interactive museum of news and journalism located at 555 Pennsylvania Ave. NW,Washington, D.C. The seven-level museum features 15 galleries, including exhibits on the 9/11 attacks, insights into the Abraham Lincoln’s assassination as well as a segment of the original Berlin Wall.
Abraham Lincoln once mentioned “Let the people know the facts, and the country will be safe.”. Indeed, the right to freedom of speech is embedded in the DNA of all Americans, as exemplified in the glass panels in the Newseum dedicated to journalists who gave their lives when they were out reporting.
Journalism is more than just skin deep.The Newseum gave us a glimpse into the different facets of journalism—from the controversy surrounding the ethics of journalism, censorship of media, how journalism evolves over time as well as the pivotal role that journalism played during times of conflict.
Abraham Lincoln once mentioned “Let the people know the facts, and the country will be safe.”. Indeed, the right to freedom of speech is embedded in the DNA of all Americans, as exemplified in the glass panels in the Newseum dedicated to journalists who gave their lives when they were out reporting.
Journalism is more than just skin deep.The Newseum gave us a glimpse into the different facets of journalism—from the controversy surrounding the ethics of journalism, censorship of media, how journalism evolves over time as well as the pivotal role that journalism played during times of conflict.
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Firstly, we sat through a lecture conducted by Mr Adam, on the topic of differentiating online facts from false information. The prevalence of online technology today has encouraged the generation of false websites and hoaxes meant to deceive people or influence their decisions. Our instructor briefed us about the 5Ws and 1H, after which he gave us a case study to test our skills on. It was indeed a very informative lecture for us.
Next, we were treated to a short 4D movie that depicted the evolution of journalism and introduced to us various key individuals that have played important roles in shaping the history of journalism. One example was Nellie Bly, who was a pioneer in launching a new kind of journalism - detective journalism. Her most notable contribution was in faking insanity to study a mental institution from within, allowing the world to know more about the torturous plight of women trapped in mental institutions.
After that, we were allowed to go on a self-guided tour around the Newseum. We visited many interesting exhibits, such as the Fall of the Berlin Wall, which even displayed real pieces of the Berlin Wall. Another floor on the Newseum was dedicated to exploring the history and world of journalism. One particular portion that gave us much food for thought was the list of journalists who lost their lives while reporting. Many of them have travelled to war-torn countries to report despite numerous dangers, on the basis of wanting to reveal the truth to the world. The immense passion and pride that these journalists uphold is indeed inspiring and teaches us that we should persevere with what we believe for no matter how daunting the challenges lying ahead seem to be.
Another controversial issue that we explored in the Newseum was the ethics of journalism. Many journalists uphold the ideal of reporting the complete truth, bare and exposed, to the world. It might seem the right professional work ethics but nothing is absolute in this world. We have to consider the various contexts involved and not blindly apply what is supposedly politically correct. Some food for thought: To what extent should journalists publish the truth, even if the truth hurts?
Again, we also observed how Americans prize freedom of speech above anything else. The First Amendment of the Bill of Rights states that “Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.” This is something that Singapore has yet to establish, given the strict censorship laws and policies, such as the Sedition Act. There have been cases where the international society have lambasted Singapore for having such stringent censorship laws and low press freedom. This has caused many issues to remain unresolved simply because it is punishable by law to voice our opinions about controversial issues. However, we know that in a diverse society like Singapore, these laws do prevent the propagation of insensitive remarks about each other, easing any potential conflicts.
Next, we were treated to a short 4D movie that depicted the evolution of journalism and introduced to us various key individuals that have played important roles in shaping the history of journalism. One example was Nellie Bly, who was a pioneer in launching a new kind of journalism - detective journalism. Her most notable contribution was in faking insanity to study a mental institution from within, allowing the world to know more about the torturous plight of women trapped in mental institutions.
After that, we were allowed to go on a self-guided tour around the Newseum. We visited many interesting exhibits, such as the Fall of the Berlin Wall, which even displayed real pieces of the Berlin Wall. Another floor on the Newseum was dedicated to exploring the history and world of journalism. One particular portion that gave us much food for thought was the list of journalists who lost their lives while reporting. Many of them have travelled to war-torn countries to report despite numerous dangers, on the basis of wanting to reveal the truth to the world. The immense passion and pride that these journalists uphold is indeed inspiring and teaches us that we should persevere with what we believe for no matter how daunting the challenges lying ahead seem to be.
Another controversial issue that we explored in the Newseum was the ethics of journalism. Many journalists uphold the ideal of reporting the complete truth, bare and exposed, to the world. It might seem the right professional work ethics but nothing is absolute in this world. We have to consider the various contexts involved and not blindly apply what is supposedly politically correct. Some food for thought: To what extent should journalists publish the truth, even if the truth hurts?
Again, we also observed how Americans prize freedom of speech above anything else. The First Amendment of the Bill of Rights states that “Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.” This is something that Singapore has yet to establish, given the strict censorship laws and policies, such as the Sedition Act. There have been cases where the international society have lambasted Singapore for having such stringent censorship laws and low press freedom. This has caused many issues to remain unresolved simply because it is punishable by law to voice our opinions about controversial issues. However, we know that in a diverse society like Singapore, these laws do prevent the propagation of insensitive remarks about each other, easing any potential conflicts.